Capital Budgeting

Master the process of evaluating and selecting long-term investments

Investment EvaluationProject SelectionWealth Maximization
I. Fundamental Concepts
Core principles of capital budgeting and investment evaluation

A. Core Principle

Capital budgeting is the process of evaluating and selecting long-term investments that are consistent with the firm's goal of maximizing owner wealth. It involves analyzing potential projects or investments to determine which ones are worth undertaking.

Key Insight:

Capital budgeting decisions are critical because they involve large expenditures, have long-term impacts, and affect the firm's strategic direction.

B. Key Terminology

Capital Budgeting

The process of evaluating and selecting long-term investments that are consistent with the firm's goal of maximizing owner wealth

Capital Expenditure

An outlay of funds expected to produce benefits over a period of time greater than 1 year

Operating Expenditure

An outlay of funds resulting in benefits received within 1 year

Independent Projects

Projects whose cash flows are unrelated; acceptance of one does not eliminate others

C. Project Types

Mutually Exclusive Projects

Projects that compete with one another, so acceptance of one eliminates others from consideration

Unlimited Funds

Financial situation where a firm can accept all independent projects that provide an acceptable return

Capital Rationing

Financial situation where a firm has limited funds and numerous projects compete for these dollars

D. Why Capital Budgeting Matters

  • • Determines the firm's long-term strategic direction
  • • Affects the firm's profitability and growth
  • • Influences the firm's cost of capital and financial structure
  • • Impacts shareholder wealth maximization
  • • Requires significant resource commitment